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Avatar photoWouter Zwysen

Wouter Zwysen is a senior researcher at the European Trade Union Institute, working  on labour-market inequality and wages, and ethnic and migrant disadvantage.

When Corporate Mergers Hurt Workers, Europe Must Act

Wouter Zwysen

Europe's merger watchdogs generally ignore labour market impacts, but there is a possibility for change.

Limited options to change employers keep wages low

Wouter Zwysen

Concentrated labour markets and non-compete agreements erode worker bargaining power.

Labour shortages – an opportunity to rebalance bargaining power?

Wouter Zwysen

Labour shortages have become one of the most pressing issues in the labour market across Europe.

Migrant labour in the ‘gig’ economy: progress or trap?

Agnieszka Piasna and Wouter Zwysen

Platform work is often presented as a stepping-stone for migrant workers. It may not however feel so benign to them.

Wage inequality in Europe—and why it is falling

Wouter Zwysen

Institutional and economic factors supporting workers are offsetting well-adverted global trends affecting wage distribution.

Women at work: doing different jobs, still unequal

Wouter Zwysen

Because women have fewer options and their work gets devalued, job segregation accounts for half the gender pay gap in Europe.

Reconstruction: time for transformative ideas

Kalina Arabadjieva, Nicola Countouris, Bianca Luna Fabris and Wouter Zwysen

As the world inches back to normality, the Covid-19 crisis highlights deep structural inequalities and the urgent need for bold, systemic solutions to tackle climate change, social injustice, and economic precarity.

Not so much a shortage of skills as a shortage of pay

Wouter Zwysen

Labour shortages following the pandemic have increased most and are most severe in jobs with lower wages and poorer conditions.

Pay gaps between firms driving wage inequality

Wouter Zwysen

Inter-firm differences are not only widening wage gaps but also threaten wider social division among workers.

Performance-related pay and the gender pay gap

Kalina Arabadjieva and Wouter Zwysen

Performance pay might be thought to reward merit—but it mainly rewards men.

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New Edition - Social policy in the European Union: state of play 2025

Can Europe preserve its distinctive social model while simultaneously rearming, reindustrialising, and reorganising its economy in a more conflictual and competitive world? This is the central question raised in this new edition of the Bilan social, a reference publication released every spring for more than 25 years by the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI) and the European Social Observatory (OSE).

READ HERE
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Is financial resilience and trust in Europe faltering?

In this episode of Eurofound Talks, host Mary McCaughey and senior researcher Eszter Sandor unpack the results of the 2025 Living and Working in the EU e-survey. While headline inflation has stabilised at 2.1%, the data reveals a continent gripped by chronic precariousness, with 57% of respondents now at risk of depression. Mary and Eszter explore how this economic insecurity is impacting institutional trust and democratic engagement.

LISTEN HERE
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Read the book "The open future and its enemies" 

A robust democracy must not leave the future in the hands of the alliance between Big Tech and the far right. AI must be politically reined in and democratically shaped so that humanity retains its sovereignty.

Artificial intelligence is regarded as the driving force of progress. Yet it has long since become a challenge to democracy. The book argues that uncontrolled AI will erode our freedom, self-determination and democracy.

READ THE BOOK
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WSI Minimum Wage Report 2026

Minimum wage policy across Europe has shifted significantly, with many EU countries raising wages above average and anchoring them to adequate living standards. This trend is consolidating as countries increasingly adopt the reference values recommended in the European Minimum Wage Directive — recently upheld by the European Court of Justice.

DOWNLOAD THE REPORT
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S&D Africa Days 2026

We are pleased to invite you to save the date for the S&D Africa Days 2026, taking place on 30 June and 1 July 2026, in Brussels. 

At a time when Africa is too often viewed through narrow and one-sided narratives, this initiative reflects a key political priority for the S&D Group: to advance a renewed, forward-looking partnership of equals between Europe and Africa based on equality, solidarity, social justice and shared progress. 

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“What is the actual purpose of the state?” – this central question is the focus of the analysis. At a time when bureaucratic processes are making life difficult for citizens, the paper proposes a three-part model. It aims at a conception of the state as a platform that helps society build the capabilities it needs to address its problems effectively.

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